Start with the by-product and the flue gas.
Mineral carbonation does not need a special plant or an unusual process. It needs an alkaline waste stream and a source of CO₂ — and most heavy industrial sites already have both.
Does this apply to your site?
The chemistry is indifferent to the industry it sits in. Before any engineering study, two things decide whether a site is a candidate.
- An alkaline waste stream
- Material containing reactive calcium or magnesium compounds that the site currently pays to dispose of or stockpiles — cement CBS dust, coal fly ash or steel slag.
- A CO₂ stream on site
- Flue gas from a kiln, power plant, refinery or steel process. The described mineralisation route takes it directly from the stack without upstream CO₂ enrichment.
If both are present, the reaction runs. What changes between sectors is which waste stream goes in, and which product comes out.
Three commercial feedstock routes.
| Sector | Waste stream | CO₂ source | Output | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | Waste streamChlorine bypass dust | CO₂ sourceKiln stack flue gas | OutputKCl ~95% standard, up to 99% on request, plus CaCO₃ | StatusDemonstratedFull-scale plant in operation and commercial plant design |
| Iron & steel | Waste streamSteel slag | CO₂ sourceSinter plant, reheating furnace or captive-power flue gas | OutputCarbonated aggregate, blocks and construction materials | StatusCommercial routeAqueous carbonation route documented by ANYTECH Co., Ltd |
| Power generation | Waste streamCoal fly ash | CO₂ sourceBoiler stack flue gas | OutputCO₂-cured bricks and blocks | StatusAvailableProcess documented by ANYTECH Co., Ltd |
| Refining and petrochemicals | Waste streamFly ash from process units | CO₂ sourceProcess unit and stack flue gas | OutputCO₂-cured bricks and blocks | StatusAvailableProcess documented by ANYTECH Co., Ltd |
Sitting on another alkaline waste stream? Send us a composition and we will tell you whether it carbonates. Speak with an engineer.
The economics changed before the technology did.
Disposal is getting more expensive and more tightly regulated. Landfill capacity for hazardous residues is contracting, handling requirements are tightening, and the cost of simply doing nothing rises every year the stockpile grows.
Compliance carbon markets are arriving. India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme turns emission intensity into both an obligation and a tradeable instrument, and border carbon adjustments price the embedded emissions of exported material at the point of sale.
Saleable products and avoided waste costs strengthen the business case. Carbon credits may provide additional value, but methodology, eligibility and verification are project-specific.
Start with your waste stream.
Send us a composition analysis and your stack gas data. We will tell you what the process would yield on your site.