01Power and refining

    Ash on the ground. CO₂ up the stack.

    Power stations and refineries sit beside large volumes of fly ash and vent CO₂ continuously. Combined and cured, the two produce building material — and the carbon stays in the product.

    02The premise

    Two liabilities that cancel each other.

    Fly ash accumulates faster than most sites can dispose of it. It is stockpiled in ponds and mounds, occupies land, and carries handling and compliance obligations that grow with the pile.

    Flue gas leaves the same site continuously, and increasingly carries a compliance cost of its own as carbon markets take effect.

    Brought together under the right conditions, the CO₂ reacts with the calcium and magnesium oxides in the ash. The gas is bound into a solid carbonate and the ash becomes a formed building product. Neither is a waste at the end of it.

    Scientific concept illustration showing mineral particles interacting with carbon dioxide during mineral carbonation.
    Conceptual illustration of fly-ash mineral carbonation.
    The feedstock

    What makes ash reactive.

    Calcium oxide
    CaOReacts with CO₂ to form calcium carbonate
    Magnesium oxide
    MgOAlso carbonates, contributing to strength
    Silica
    SiO2Structural component of the finished unit
    Alumina
    Al2O3Structural component of the finished unit

    Calcium and magnesium oxides are what carbonate. The higher their share, the more CO₂ a given tonnage of ash will take up — which is why a composition analysis is the first thing we ask for.

    03The process

    From stack to finished unit.

    Fly ash process flow

    Source — ANYTECH Co., Ltd process documentation

    1. 01

      Flue gas offtake

      Gas is drawn from the power station or refinery stack at its existing CO₂ concentration. No pre-separation step is required.

    2. 02

      Cooling and scrubbing

      The gas is cooled and cleaned of dust and sulphur oxides before it reaches the carbonation stage.

    3. 03

      Mixing and forming

      Fly ash is combined with water and a small quantity of lime or cement, then pressed into brick or block form.

    4. 04

      CO₂ curing

      CO₂ is passed through the formed units. Calcium and magnesium oxides harden into carbonates and the material develops its strength — no firing, and no kiln.

    5. 05

      Finished building product

      Bricks and blocks leave the plant for nearby construction use, with the CO₂ permanently bound in the material.

    The rationale

    Why this pairing works.

    Why bricks

    India's brick demand is very large. Conventional clay bricks consume topsoil and are fired with coal. CO₂-cured bricks are hardened rather than fired, so no kiln and no combustion is involved in curing them.

    Why fly ash

    It is already stockpiled in volume beside the plants that generate it, at almost no cost. Short transport distance keeps the logistics cost of the feedstock low.

    Why the plant is simple

    A mixer, a press and a curing chamber. No high-temperature or high-pressure stage, which holds down both the capital cost and the operating cost.

    Scope

    What we would need from you.

    A fly ash composition analysis. Flue gas composition and flow data for the stream under consideration. An indication of available ash tonnage. And the site's own view on whether it wants a pilot or a commercial-scale installation.

    Ash availability determines how much of a given flue gas stream can be treated, so sizing starts there rather than with the gas.

    Compare CCU and CCS configurations →

    Send us an ash analysis.

    With a composition and your stack gas data we will tell you what the reaction would yield and what a plant on your site would look like.

    Anytech Hughes

    Industrial carbon capture, utilisation and storage through mineral carbonation.

    Anytech Hughes Climate Solutions Pvt. Ltd. — a joint venture of Hughes & Hughes Chem Limited (India) and ANYTECH Co., Ltd (Republic of Korea), developing, delivering and operating CCU and CCS projects in India.

    Core CCU mineralisation technology developed and owned by ANYTECH Co., Ltd (Republic of Korea).

    © 2026 Anytech Hughes Climate Solutions Pvt. Ltd.